Ufahamu Usiku wa Yalda wa Irani
MOJA ya sherehe kongwe zaidi za Kiajemi, Shab-e Yalda (Usiku wa Yalda), ambayo wakati mwingine hujulikana kama Shab-e Chelleh, huadhimishwa kila mwaka Desemba 21 na Wairani kote ulimwenguni.
Yalda ni sherehe ya majira ya baridi ambayo hutokea mwishoni mwa vuli na usiku wa siku ya kwanza ya majira ya baridi, ambayo ni usiku mrefu zaidi wa mwaka.
Wairani wanaadhimisha usiku wa mwisho wa msimu wa masika kama kuzaliwa upya kwa jua na ushindi wa mwanga dhidi ya giza kwa kuwa siku huwa ndefu na usiku huwa mfupi wakati wa baridi.
Katika Shab-e Yalda, watu hukutana na marafiki au jamaa, kwa ujumla kwenye nyumba ya Babu na wanajumuika na wazee wa familia, kusherehekea usiku mrefu zaidi wa mwaka kwa kula njugu na matunda kama komamanga na matikiti, wakisoma mashairi haswa mshairi mashuhuri wa Irani, Hafiz.
Wakitakiana matakwa mema, wakizungumza na kuburudishana ili kukaribisha majira ya baridi.
Usiku wa Yalda: Kuadhimisha Usiku Mrefu Zaidi wa Mwaka.
Wanahistoria wengine wana maoni kwamba sikukuu hii ilianza zaidi ya miaka 7000 iliyopita.
Inasemekana pia kwamba katika mwaka wa 502 KK, mfalme wa Iran, Darius I, alijumuisha kisheria Shab-e Yalda katika kalenda ya zamani ya Iran. Jina Yalda linatokana na neno la Kisiria lenye maana ya “Kuzaliwa”.
Siku fupi zaidi hutokea katika siku za mwisho za vuli, na usiku wa kwanza wa majira ya baridi huashiria kuzaliwa kwa Jua (Mehr) na mwanzo wa mwaka, kama walivyoelewa watu wa kale.
Kwa hivyo, waliutaja usiku huu kama kuzaliwa kwa Jua. Watu wengine wanafikiri kwamba wazo hili pia hutumika kama msingi wa Krismasi ya Kikristo.
Shab-e Yalda ni sherehe nzuri yenye historia tele na mandhari nyuma ya kuvutia ambayo pia yanaweza kutumika katika mipangilio ya kisasa.
Kwa kuwa sherehe na mila zimekuwa sehemu ya maisha ya mwanadamu tangu zamani, kudumisha na kujihusisha ndani yao kunaweza kutupa hisia ya kusudi na uhusiano na asili na mawazo ya kati ya maisha.
Chakula Kitamu, Sehemu Muhimu ya Usiku wa Yalda!
Chakula ni kitu muhimu wakati wa usiku wa Yalda, kama ilivyo kwa Shukrani. Wairan hutumia matunda ya mwisho ya majira ya joto jioni hii.
Huu ndio usiku ambapo Wairani wanaweza kupumzika na kufurahia matunda kama vile tikiti maji kupamba meza yao ya Yalda.
Maelezo ni kwamba Wairani kwa muda mrefu wamefikiri kwamba kuanza majira ya baridi na matunda ya majira ya joto kutazuia mtu kuwa mgonjwa wakati wa msimu wa baridi.
Makomamanga, ambayo katika tamaduni ya Kiajemi yanawakilisha uzazi, kuzaliwa upya, na mzunguko wa maisha, pia hupamba meza ya Yalda kwa rangi yao nyekundu yenye kuvutia.
Mikutano ya Yalda pia inahusisha chakula cha jioni cha kupendeza ambacho kawaida hujumuisha makomamanga na matikiti.
Kwa hivyo, Ash-e Anar, Fesenjoon, Anar polo, au Nardoon (vyakula vya asili vya Kiajemi) kwa kawaida hutolewa usiku huu.
Familia ya kisasa ya Kiajemi haizingatii mkusanyiko wa Yalda kuwa kamili bila vyakula vyote vilivyo kwenye meza ya Yalda (au Korsi). Waajemi ni mahususi kuhusu jinsi meza ya Yalda inavyopambwa.
Divan-e Hafez (Hafez Khaani)
Kukariri “Divan-e Hafez” (Mashairi) ni mojawapo ya mawe ya msingi ya Yalda halisi nchini Iran. Kwa kawaida kuna angalau “Divan-e Hafez” moja katika kila kaya ya Iran.
Asili: Yalda Anatoka wapi?
Yalda, pia inajulikana kama Chelleh, inatoka katika mila ya kabla ya Zoroastrian ya Mithraism, ambayo ni moja ya sikukuu bora zaidi hadi jua linapochomoza baada ya usiku mrefu zaidi wa mwaka.
Usiku mrefu na wa giza zaidi wa mwaka ulifikiriwa na Waajemi wa kale kuwa wakati nguvu mbaya zilikuwa na nguvu zaidi.
Usiku wa Yalda ulioandikwa kwenye orodha ya UNESCO ya turathi za kitamaduni zisizogusika
Shab-e Yalda au Chella, amezingatiwa kuwa sehemu ya Turathi Zisizogusika za UNESCO (ICH). Hayo yalitangazwa katika hafla ya kikao cha 17 cha kamati ya serikali za nchi mbalimbali kwa ajili ya kulinda Turathi za Utamaduni Zisizogusika kilichofanyika Rabat, Morocco tarehe 29 Novemba 2022.
Karatasi ya ukweli ya UNESCO inaangazia tukio hili la kale kama kioo cha utambulisho wa kitamaduni, ukarimu na amani.
Urafiki wa kuishi pamoja, na tofauti za kitamaduni, zikiangazia sifa zake za kipekee ambazo zimeathiri sana na vyema utamaduni wa ulimwengu.
Kuwa sehemu ya maandishi ya UNESCO ya Turathi za Utamaduni Zisizogusika inamaanisha kutambua urithi wa nchi na umuhimu wake katika kudumisha uanuwai wa kitamaduni katika kukabiliana na kuongezeka kwa utandawazi.
Turathi za Utamaduni Zisizogusika maana yake ni kusaidia mazungumzo baina ya tamaduni na kukuza kuheshimiana kwa njia nyingine za maisha.
Umuhimu wake haupo katika udhihirisho wa kitamaduni yenyewe, lakini katika utajiri wa maarifa na ujuzi ambao hupitishwa kupitia hiyo kutoka kizazi kimoja hadi kingine.
Usiku wa Yalda au Sherehe ya Shab-e Chelleh nchini Iran
Tangu nyakati za zamani Wairani waligawanya msimu wa baridi katika sehemu mbili, wakiwataja kama “Chelleh”. Chelleh ya kwanza, ambayo inaitwa “chelleh kubwa” huanza siku ya kwanza ya majira ya baridi inayofanana na 21 Desemba.
Usiku wa Yalda au Shab-e Chelleh, ambayo ni sikukuu ya kitamaduni ya Wairani imeadhimishwa na Wairani kutoka nyakati za kabla ya historia.
Kwa nini Wairani Huadhimisha Usiku Huu?
Usiku wa Yalda, unaojulikana pia kama Shab-e Chelleh, umepata jina lake kutoka kwa lugha ya Kisiria yenye maana ya “kuzaliwa”. Yalda inaashiria mwanzo wa kurefushwa kwa taratibu kwa siku, kwa hivyo ni sherehe ya kuzaliwa kwa jua kama ishara ya mwanga.
Kwa mujibu wa hadithi, mila ya Yalda Night iliundwa katika siku za nyuma ili kulinda dhidi ya uovu wakati wa usiku mrefu zaidi.
Je, Yalda Inashikiliwaje?
Kengele ya mlango inalia na inaonekana kwamba kila mtu katika familia anaelekea kwenye makazi ya baba wa familia wakati wa moja ya sherehe kuu. Katika nyumba ya wazee wao, familia na wageni huja kusherehekea Shab-e Yalda.
Nyumbani, mipango maalum pia hufanywa; aina ya hita imewekwa kwenye sakafu, meza kubwa yenye miguu mifupi imewekwa juu yake, na blanketi kubwa la bendera hufunika eneo lote.
Jina lake ni Korsi. Katika siku za nyuma, kwa kutokuwepo kwa vifaa vya kisasa, Korsi ilikuwa suluhisho la usiku wa baridi wa baridi. Sio nyumba zote zilizo na Korsi siku hizi, lakini bado ni jadi kuweka moja kwenye Shab-e Yalda ili kukusanyika na kufurahia joto.
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