GUNIA LILILOBADILI SAFARI YA MKULIMA

Miaka 20 ya mfumo wa stakabadhi za ghala ilivyobadili biashara ya mazao Tanzania

SONGWE – Ni saa tatu asubuhi. Malori madogo yanaingia moja baada ya jingine katika Ghala la Kalungu, yakibeba viroba vya ufuta vilivyokusanywa kutoka vijiji mbalimbali kupitia Vyama vya Msingi vya Ushirika (AMCOS).

Hakuna gunia linaloruhusiwa kuingia ghalani bila kufuata utaratibu. Kila kiroba kinapimwa. Kila kilo inahesabiwa. Kila taarifa inathibitishwa.

Ndani ya siku tatu pekee tangu msimu wa ununuzi uanze, tani 300 za ufuta tayari zimewasili katika ghala hilo.

Meneja Mkuu wa LAD Venture, Bi. Faraja Mwajombe, anasema kila gunia linalofika hapo huwa limeanza safari yake kwa mkulima, kupitia chama cha msingi, kabla ya kuingia kwenye mfumo rasmi wa biashara ya mazao.

“Hapa tunapokea mazao yaliyokusanywa na AMCOS. Kila chama kinawasilisha orodha ya wakulima, mawasiliano yao na taarifa za akaunti za benki. Hatuwezi kupokea mzigo bila taarifa hizo kukamilika,” anasema.

Lakini hata baada ya kuwasili ghalani, safari ya gunia bado haijaisha. Bi. Jaraja, mmoja wa wasimamizi wa ghala hilo, anafuatilia kila hatua ya ukaguzi.

“Kiongozi wa AMCOS tayari anakuwa amekagua ubora na uzito wa mazao kabla hayajafika hapa. Lakini nasi tunafanya ukaguzi wetu. Tunaangalia unyevu, usafi na kuhakikisha kila kiroba kina uzito wa kilo 50,” anasema.

Baada ya hapo, afisa wa stoo huhesabu viroba vyote na kulinganisha idadi yake na taarifa zilizorekodiwa kwenye mzani.

Meneja Mkuu wa LAD Venture, Bi. Faraja Mwajombe, anasema kila gunia linalofika hapo huwa limeanza safari yake kwa mkulima, kupitia chama cha msingi, kabla ya kuingia kwenye mfumo rasmi wa biashara ya mazao.

Taarifa zikilingana, meneja huziingiza kwenye mfumo wa kidijitali. Ndipo gunia hilo huanza safari mpya. Si kuelekea kwa dalali wa kijijini.

Bali kuelekea mnada wa kidijitali kupitia Soko la Bidhaa Tanzania (TMX), ambako wanunuzi hushindana kununua mazao kwa kuzingatia ubora wake.

Kwa sasa, ghala la Kalungu lina uwezo wa kupokea zaidi ya viroba 1,000 kwa wakati mmoja.

“Mzigo wa leo ni mzuri sana. Umekauka vizuri na unakidhi viwango vinavyotakiwa,” anasema Bi. Jaraja huku akielekeza macho kwenye viroba vinavyoendelea kupangwa ndani ya ghala.

Kwa Rashid Namkoma, mkulima wa ufuta kutoka Kusini mwa Tanzania, mfumo huu umebadili kabisa namna wakulima wanavyouza mazao yao.

“Mfumo huu unatusaidia sana sisi wakulima. Ni tofauti kabisa na mifumo iliyopita,” anasema.

“Kabla ya mfumo huu bei zilikuwa zinabadilika kila siku. Leo unaambiwa shilingi 400 kwa kilo, kesho 500, siku inayofuata 600, halafu zinarudi tena 400. Kulikuwa na ubabaishaji mkubwa, hata upande wa manunuzi kulikuwa na changamoto nyingi na foleni. Lakini sasa tumeondokana na hali hiyo.”

Anasema zamani mkulima aliuza kwa haraka kwa hofu ya kukosa mnunuzi au kushuka kwa bei.

Leo, anaweza kuhifadhi mazao yake kwenye ghala lililosajiliwa, kupata stakabadhi na kusubiri mnada utakaompatia bei ya ushindani.

Kwa Fakihi Mussa, ambaye pia ni mkulima wa ufuta, mafanikio ya mfumo yanapimwa kwa jambo moja—uhakika wa malipo.

“Faida kubwa ni kwamba unapata fedha zako kwa wakati. Mfanyabiashara akishalipa, sisi tunalipwa. Kama kijana anayelima ufuta, nimeweza kupata bei nzuri na sasa ninaweza kujiendesha,” anasema.

PIA SOMA: Pumba Zilizogeuka Dhahabu

Wanachama wa chama cha Msingi cha Ushirika (AMCOS), wakisafisha na kukausha mbaazi na kuzipakia katika mifuko ya ujazo wa kilo 50 maalum kwa ajili ya kuuza kupitia mfumo wa stakabadhi za ghala.

Hata hivyo, anaamini mafanikio hayo yatakuwa makubwa zaidi iwapo wakulima wengi zaidi watafikiwa na mfumo huo. “Ombi langu ni kuhakikisha wakulima wengi zaidi wanafikiwa.”

Simulizi za Rashid na Fakihi zinaonyesha mabadiliko yanayofanywa na Mfumo wa Stakabadhi za Ghala, ambao mwaka huu umetimiza miaka 20 tangu kuanzishwa kwake.

Katika kipindi hicho, mfumo huo umebadili si tu namna mazao yanavyohifadhiwa na kuuzwa, bali pia umebadili uhusiano kati ya mkulima, soko na mnunuzi.

Lakini je, miaka 20 ya mfumo huo imeongeza thamani kiasi gani kwa uchumi wa Tanzania? Je, biashara ya mazao imebadilikaje kutoka kwa madalali wa vijijini hadi minada ya kidijitali? Na changamoto zipi bado zinapaswa kutatuliwa ili kila gunia la mkulima lipate thamani inayostahili?

Maswali hayo ndiyo msingi wa uchunguzi huu.

Kutoka Ghalani Hadi Soko la Dunia

Safari ya gunia la mkulima haiishii linapoingizwa kwenye mfumo wa kidijitali katika Ghala la Kalungu. Ndipo safari yake ya kweli ya kibiashara inaanza.

Kupitia Mfumo wa Stakabadhi za Ghala, taarifa za mazao huunganishwa na Soko la Bidhaa Tanzania (TMX), ambapo wanunuzi hushindana kununua mazao kwa uwazi, badala ya bei kuamuliwa na mazungumzo kati ya mkulima na dalali.

Kwa mujibu wa Afisa Mwandamizi wa Uendeshaji Biashara wa TMX, Justa Martine, kati ya mwaka 2019 na 2026, soko hilo limeuza jumla ya tani milioni 2.036 za mazao na bidhaa mbalimbali zenye thamani ya shilingi trilioni 5.87.

Kwa miaka minane pekee, mfumo huo umeunganisha maelfu ya wakulima na wanunuzi kupitia jukwaa moja la biashara, hatua inayodhihirisha namna sekta ya kilimo inavyozidi kuingia katika uchumi wa kisasa unaotegemea ushindani, uwazi na matumizi ya teknolojia.

Fakihi Mussa, ambaye pia ni mkulima wa ufuta, anasema mafanikio ya mfumo yanapimwa kwa jambo moja—uhakika wa malipo.

Lakini mafanikio hayo hayakujengwa na TMX pekee.

Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Bodi ya Usimamizi wa Mfumo wa Stakabadhi za Ghala (WRRB), Asangye Bangu, anasema mfumo huo umejengwa kuhakikisha mkulima analindwa kuanzia anapomaliza kuvuna hadi bidhaa yake inapopata mnunuzi.

Anasema WRRB haihusiki na uzalishaji wa mazao, bali husimamia mnyororo mzima wa biashara baada ya mavuno kwa kuhakikisha mazao yanahifadhiwa kwenye maghala yaliyosajiliwa, yanakaguliwa ubora wake na kuuzwa kwa kuzingatia viwango vinavyokubalika.

“Tunawakaribisha wafanyabiashara wa ndani na nje ya nchi kuja kufanya biashara Tanzania. Mfumo wetu wa Stakabadhi za Ghala umejengwa kuhakikisha biashara inafanyika kwa uwazi, uaminifu na usalama kwa pande zote,” anasema.

Kwa sasa mfumo huo umeenea katika wilaya 114 za mikoa 23 nchini na umezalisha zaidi ya ajira rasmi na zisizo rasmi 11,000.

 

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Ajira hizo zinahusisha waendesha maghala, wakaguzi wa ubora, wapimaji, wasafirishaji, wahudumu wa minada, wataalamu wa TEHAMA, mawakala wa biashara pamoja na shughuli nyingine zinazozunguka biashara ya mazao.

Bangu anasema mfumo huo pia umeendelea kupanua wigo wake kutoka mazao ya kilimo kwenda biashara ya mifugo na bidhaa za mifugo, hatua iliyochochewa na ongezeko la mahitaji kutoka masoko ya kimataifa.

Katika Jukwaa la Tanzania na Misri la Utalii, Biashara na Uwekezaji, amesema ujumbe wa wafanyabiashara kutoka Misri umeonyesha nia ya kufanya biashara ya mifugo na bidhaa zake kupitia mfumo huo kutokana na kuaminika kwake.

Wakati huo huo, mageuzi yanaendelea kufika kwa wakulima wengi zaidi.

Msimu huu wa 2026 umeweka historia mpya baada ya mazao ya kunde na njugu mawe kuanza kupokelewa rasmi kupitia Mfumo wa Stakabadhi za Ghala katika Ghala la TANECU wilayani Newala, mkoani Mtwara.

Vyama vya Msingi vya Ushirika (AMCOS) 34 kutoka wilaya za Newala na Tandahimba vinaendelea kukusanya mazao hayo kwa ajili ya minada rasmi, hatua inayopanua fursa za mfumo kwa mazao ambayo kwa miaka mingi yaliuzwa nje ya mfumo rasmi.

Aidha, WRRB imeanza maandalizi ya kuongeza mazao mengine kama karanga na choroko ili wakulima wengi zaidi wanufaike na mfumo huo. Hata hivyo, pamoja na mafanikio hayo, changamoto bado zipo.

Baada ya maadhimisho ya miaka 20 ya WRRB yaliyofanyika Mei mwaka huu, Waziri Mkuu, Dkt. Mwigulu Nchemba, alielekeza kuwa changamoto zinazojitokeza katika utekelezaji wa mfumo zisitumike kama sababu ya kurejea kwenye biashara holela ya mazao.

Akitekeleza maelekezo hayo, Bangu alifanya ziara katika mikoa ya Pwani, Lindi, Mtwara, Ruvuma, Morogoro na Iringa, ambako alikutana na viongozi wa mikoa, wilaya na Kamati za Usimamizi wa Mfumo wa Stakabadhi za Ghala.

Mfumo wa stakabadhi wa ghala unavyofanyakazi

Anasema changamoto zilizobainishwa ni pamoja na upungufu wa maghala katika baadhi ya maeneo, uhitaji wa kuboresha miundombinu ya barabara, mabadiliko ya bei katika soko la dunia, pamoja na athari za mabadiliko ya tabianchi ambazo zimeathiri uzalishaji wa baadhi ya mazao.

WRRB pia imeendelea kuchukua hatua dhidi ya vitendo vya udanganyifu na uchakachuaji wa taarifa ndani ya mfumo, ikisisitiza kuwa uadilifu ndiyo msingi unaoufanya mfumo huo kuaminiwa na wanunuzi wa ndani na nje ya nchi.

“Tunaendelea kushirikiana na serikali za mikoa, halmashauri, vyama vya ushirika na sekta binafsi kuhakikisha changamoto hizi zinapatiwa ufumbuzi bila kurudi kwenye biashara holela ya mazao. Lengo letu ni kumkomboa mkulima wa Tanzania na kuhakikisha anapata thamani halisi ya mazao yake,” anasema Bangu.

Asubuhi ile katika Ghala la Kalungu, lori jingine linaingia likiwa limebeba viroba vingine vya ufuta kutoka vijiji vya Wilaya ya Momba. Kwa wafanyakazi wa ghala, ni sehemu ya kazi ya kila siku.

Kwa mnunuzi, ni bidhaa inayosubiri mnada. Lakini kwa mkulima, ni akiba ya mwaka mzima.

Ndiyo maana thamani ya Mfumo wa Stakabadhi za Ghala haipimwi kwa idadi ya maghala yaliyosajiliwa, tani milioni 2.036 zilizouzwa kupitia TMX au biashara yenye thamani ya Sh trilioni 5.87 pekee.

Inapimwa pia kwa uwezo wake wa kubadilisha safari ya gunia moja la mazao—kutoka mikononi mwa mkulima, kupitia chama cha msingi, ghala, mfumo wa kidijitali na mnada wa ushindani—na kuligeuza kuwa kipato cha familia, ajira kwa maelfu ya Watanzania na mchango unaoendelea kuimarisha uchumi wa Taifa.

Miaka ishirini baada ya kuanzishwa kwake, Mfumo wa Stakabadhi za Ghala bado una changamoto zinazohitaji kutatuliwa. Lakini simulizi za Rashid Namkoma, Fakihi Mussa na mamia ya maelfu ya wakulima wanaoutumia zinaonyesha jambo moja wazi: safari ya gunia la mkulima wa Tanzania si ile ya zamani tena.

Habari Zifananazo

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